For the embryo to develop safely and peacefully, the body has its own mechanisms, and amniotic fluid is one of them. Amniotic fluid is the fluid inside the sac, located inside the uterus, and it has several important functions. That’s why amniotic fluid loss is concerning and can put the baby’s health at risk.
Amniotic fluid protects the baby from shocks and strong impacts, regulates the temperature inside the uterus, and ensures the umbilical cord does not become compressed1. It is also essential for the development and formation of the digestive and respiratory systems. Loss of amniotic fluid is known as Oligohydramnios and is not considered very common during pregnancy, occurring in around 8% of pregnancies.
As pregnancy progresses, the tendency is for the amount of amniotic fluid to increase more and more, reaching about 1 liter in the uterus by the 36th week, and then it begins to decrease as the baby’s birth approaches. But if this reduction happens at the end, why is amniotic fluid loss something to worry about? Because when it starts before the third trimester, it can affect the proper development of the lungs and other organs. That’s why the obstetrician monitors this amount throughout prenatal care, ensuring the organs mature until they are really ready for birth.
It is through ultrasound exams that it is possible to check the amount of amniotic fluid in the sac and monitor any risks for the baby. In some cases, when low fluid is observed in the third trimester, the doctor may opt for delivery so the baby can finish developing outside the womb. The doctor may also recommend complete rest and drinking plenty of fluids, in order to replenish the necessary amount to allow the baby to stay in the womb as long as possible. In addition, in some cases it may be necessary for the pregnant woman to be hospitalized for monitoring, while in others, resting at home is enough.
What Are the Causes of Amniotic Fluid Loss?
The causes of amniotic fluid loss are not very clear, but they are linked to complications during pregnancy such as genital infections, for example2. That’s why, if you have symptoms like burning during urination, your doctor should be informed immediately for evaluation and diagnostic tests.
Problems with the placenta can also cause a reduction in amniotic fluid. That’s because, when its functions are altered, the baby ends up producing less urine, directly affecting the amount of fluid inside the sac. Another possible cause, and generally considered the main and “most common,” is partial rupture of the sac. When this happens, a small hole is found where fluid leaks from, quickly reducing its amount.
Abnormalities in the baby, such as poor kidney function, can also be a reason for amniotic fluid loss. It is also important to warn that medication to control high blood pressure can affect the baby’s kidney function3. Lastly, another possible cause is maternal dehydration. Remember that drinking plenty of fluids throughout pregnancy is fundamental for the baby’s health.
