We always hear about the importance of taking care of our health as a way to prevent or at least reduce the chances of developing certain diseases. Among the biggest concerns are the occurrences of cardiovascular diseases, which are always on the list of the main problems caused by a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. But in reality, few people truly understand what cardiovascular diseases are, their symptoms, and main risks.

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?

Cardiovascular diseases are various complications that affect the blood vessels and the heart. They are usually associated with aging, but are also very common in individuals with unhealthy habits, such as a poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. In some cases, cardiovascular diseases can also be diagnosed soon after birth, in cases of congenital heart defects.Another cause of cardiovascular diseases is complications arising from infection by viruses, bacteria, or fungi, which may lead to inflammation of the heart, as in myocarditis and endocarditis.Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack, cardiac arrhythmias, and even problems with blood circulation. They tend to affect men more than women and usually affect those over the age of 50. Considered risk groups for cardiovascular diseases are:

  • People with diabetes;
  • With high cholesterol;
  • With high blood pressure;
  • Obese individuals;
  • Sedentary individuals;
  • People who experience high stress levels;
  • People with a family history of the disease.

Individuals who fall into the risk group should take extra care with their health. They should have regular medical checkups and routinely undergo health assessments. Following medical treatments and instructions is also essential for better control. Preventing cardiovascular diseases is not only about avoiding symptoms and discomfort, but also because it is considered one of the main causes of death worldwide.

Main Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are divided into two types: symptomatic and asymptomatic. Symptomatic diseases are those that cause clear signs, such as cardiac arrhythmia and angina, while asymptomatic ones, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, can be completely silent. While all are concerning, asymptomatic ones are the most worrisome, which is why regular medical visits for monitoring are so important, especially if you are in a risk group.

Hypertension

Characterized by an increase in blood pressure levels higher than 130 x 80 mmHg, hypertension can cause changes in heart function. It is directly related to age, excess weight, excess salt intake and fatty foods, and lack of physical activity.Hypertension usually does not cause symptoms, but some signs may be noticed and can be mistaken for other conditions, such as dizziness, severe headaches, chest pain, and visual changes. Hypertension should be managed with regular monitoring by a cardiologist, treatment with medication, dietary changes, and regular exercise. Drinking at least 2 liters of water is essential for the treatment of hypertension.

Heart Failure

Heart failure problems are very common in patients who already suffer from high blood pressure, which leads to weakening of the heart muscle and, as a result, a reduced ability to pump blood to the rest of the body. Because of this, it is common for heart failure patients to feel excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, persistent swelling in the legs and feet, and dry cough, especially at night.Heart failure should be monitored and treated by a cardiologist. Treatment involves the use of blood pressure medications and diuretics. Controlling the quality of your diet, especially reducing salt intake, is essential. Regular physical activity greatly complements the treatment.

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial infarction, also known as (AMI) and popularly called a heart attack, is the interruption of blood flow to the heart caused by the buildup of fat inside the blood vessels. Its main symptom is intense chest pain radiating to the arm, as well as dizziness, malaise, and cold sweats.When a heart attack occurs, the person must be urgently taken to the nearest emergency room to start treatment. Treatment involves medications to prevent new blood clots and help restore blood flow, or the person may be referred for an angioplasty procedure.

Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease is a malformation in the heart that occurs during the gestational phase. Usually identified during pregnancy by ultrasound or echocardiogram exams, these cases must be individually assessed to determine their severity. In mild cases, the individual usually has no symptoms and can lead a completely normal life. In severe cases, surgical correction may be recommended soon after the baby is born, or in more specific situations, a heart transplant may be necessary.The recommended treatment depends on the assessment of the situation and severity. In milder cases, only medication may be prescribed to relieve symptoms, such as diuretics and beta-blockers that will help control heart rate.

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia is characterized by changes in the heartbeat, making it slower or faster than normal. This change causes symptoms such as excessive fatigue, chest pain, paleness, persistent shortness of breath, and cold sweats.Monitoring should be provided by a cardiologist and the treatment aims to regulate the heartbeat. Each case should be evaluated individually, and the best treatment will be prescribed according to the patient’s severity. Treatment may involve medication, pacemaker implantation, and defibrillation. Alcohol and drinks with high caffeine content are not recommended for patients with cardiac arrhythmia, as well as the importance of a balanced diet.

Angina

Angina is characterized by a strong chest pain or a feeling of heaviness. It usually occurs due to reduced blood flow to the heart, more common in older people or those with hypertension, diabetes, or who have poor eating habits, leading to fat buildup in the blood vessels and interruption of flow.Treatment should be managed by a cardiologist who will assess the severity and recommend the most appropriate treatment for each case. Usually, treatment involves rest and the use of some medications to reduce symptoms, regulate blood flow, prevent clot formation, and control blood pressure.Also see: High Blood Pressure: What To Do? How To Lower It NaturallyPhoto: Lua Pramos