The human body is made up of a detailed structure, each part with its own function. The main structure of the face that forms the nose is a cartilage known as the nasal septum1 or quadrangular septal cartilage. In addition to cartilage, it is also made up of bone and mucosa. The septum is what divides the nose, resulting in two nostrils, and this is its only function.
Nasal septum deviation can already occur during early childhood, due to a congenital disorder or even during the process of facial bone development. The deviation can also be caused by infections, inflammatory processes, or even in children who suffer from chronic allergy attacks. Another very common reason for nasal septum deviation is trauma from a fall or some other type of accident that may injure the nose.
Nasal septum deviation itself does not pose any risk and treatment is only recommended if it is affecting breathing. Remember that before any recommendation for repair and treatment, other causes such as allergic rhinitis, nasal turbinates, or polyps should be investigated and ruled out, as these may actually be responsible for breathing difficulties—if, after treating these and the problem persists, then treatment will be directed at the nasal septum deviation.
The symptoms of nasal septum deviation are entirely related to how the child breathes, with few cases being asymptomatic. It can be noticed in the way they breathe when sleeping, keeping their mouth open to be able to breathe; children who snore a lot may also have a deviation, as well as those who have trouble sleeping or wake up already tired. Other very common symptoms in patients with nasal septum deviation are constant headaches, facial pain, and sleep apnea.
How is Nasal Septum Deviation Diagnosed and Treated?
The diagnosis of nasal septum deviation is made by an otolaryngologist, who during a clinical examination will use an instrument to visualize the inside of the nostrils to determine if there is a deviation. Keep in mind that nasal septum deviation only causes problems if it impedes breathing and other issues such as polyps, nasal turbinates, and even tumors should also be looked for, as these can also complicate breathing2.
Surgical treatment is not always indicated. The surgery to correct nasal septum deviation, known as septoplasty3, is only recommended when there is a real need due to the impossibility of air passing through the airways. Normally, surgical repair is recommended at the end of adolescence when growth has stabilized; however, in isolated cases where breathing difficulty is detected, surgery may be needed in childhood, even with the possibility of the deviation returning as the child grows.
The reparative surgery does not leave a scar since it is performed inside the nostrils, with recovery considered smooth and very quick. Minor bleeding is common in the first few days, and only daily cleaning with saline solutions is required to ensure hygiene. The child may return to school activities four days after surgery, but for returning to activities like martial arts, about 20 days are necessary on average. If the child practices sports or physical activities, it is essential to inform the specialist, who will indicate the proper period for a safe return.
See Also: Sinusitis in Children – Why Does It Occur?
Photo: Pat Kight, Javcon117*
