X-rays are a seemingly simple test, performed calmly and quickly on babies, children, and adults. However, it can be a source of concern during pregnancy. X-rays during pregnancy are a much-discussed and worrying issue during the gestational phase, especially when they are performed without the knowledge of the pregnancy.
What X-rays Are For
X-rays are used by various medical specialties to complement dental treatments or to assess the health of bones and some internal organs. They are also called radiographs. The test works using electromagnetic radiation, with high frequencies and ultraviolet radiation through a device called a Coolidge tube1. Even though it is a test with beneficial actions, it is worth noting that high exposure to this radiation in the human body can cause serious health disorders, such as cell death, cancerous lesions, and even leukemia2.
Radiation During Pregnancy
In the case of pregnant women who are exposed to this radiation, there may be consequences for the development of the fetus, as well as the risk of visual anomalies and learning difficulties. Of course, it is not a single X-ray that will cause a serious health problem, but rather overexposure to these rays.
Therefore, if you have just had this exam and only discovered afterwards that you are pregnant, do not panic. Inform your obstetrician so they can monitor the radiation levels you were exposed to and, if necessary, determine what can be done over the next nine months.
Extra Care During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, care for the health of both mother and child should be doubled. Tests and procedures considered normal and routine during life should be checked by the obstetrician to ensure there is no risk to the health and development of the fetus. So, if it is possible to postpone the exam, it is better to do so3.
For pregnant women who work in environments with strong radiation, it is recommended to talk to your superiors to seek another alternative within the workplace. It is also worth remembering that there are radiology procedures that can be performed using protective lead aprons available at exam locations. Everyone should use them, especially if you suspect you are pregnant.
If a pregnant woman is undergoing cancer treatment and has just gone through radiotherapy sessions without knowing she was expecting a baby, it is recommended that the oncologist provide an informative report on the amount of radiation to which the baby was exposed. Based on this report, your obstetrician will assess the real need for additional tests, such as a genetic test or ultrasound exams that show the detailed development of the fetus.
When the Exam Is Necessary, What Should You Do?
Talk to your doctor to explore alternatives. For example, an MRI. It can replace the X-ray and is just as, or even more, effective. If the doctor suspects an internal problem, they should also remember the option of a CT scan. It is more common, less expensive, and proven not to harm the baby.
These exam requests are also evaluated by the doctor, who will check the necessity. But they are much less invasive than an X-ray. If there is suspicion of fractures, the gynecologist will decide between the need and the risks, but always with due caution. Lead aprons are a safe option for pregnant women, but always under medical recommendation.
