The natural process for all human beings is to grow, become fertile, and reproduce, and this whole process seems simple enough to happen when it’s decided that it’s time to have a child. But unfortunately, it’s not like this for all couples, and some obstacles may arise along the way, so certain methods and treatments are needed to achieve this dream, such as IVF.
What is IVF?
IVF is the abbreviation for the human reproduction method of In Vitro Fertilization, widely used as an option for couples who have fertility problems, whether they are simple or more complex. Or even for those who have some difficulty getting pregnant through natural methods.
The method consists of assisted fertilization in a laboratory setting, where the woman’s egg receives a fully prepared sperm. After full fertilization, the embryo is transferred to the woman’s uterus, where its development will be monitored.
In addition to the entire laboratory process, the method requires prior treatment, and preparation under the guidance of a specialist in assisted reproduction so that everything occurs healthily and as expected.
Step by Step of IVF
The entire IVF process begins with the first consultation with the assisted reproduction specialist. During the consultation, all questions about the method will be answered and notes will be taken on disease history and the overall health of the couple.
Tests to assess the couple’s fertility will be requested, such as a sperm analysis, blood tests, and antimüllerian hormone test. After analyzing the results, the need for the procedure will be confirmed, or another method may be indicated depending on the couple’s needs.
Once IVF is confirmed for the couple, ovulation induction will begin. The induction treatment will last between 5 to 10 days and will be done through hormone injections that must be administered in the abdominal area.
During ovarian stimulation, ultrasounds will be performed to monitor the process and confirm the appearance of ovarian follicles. When they rupture, releasing mature and dominant eggs, these will be collected to proceed with the fertilization procedure.
In some cases, another medication may be used to aid egg maturation, ensuring they are sufficiently ready to be collected and fertilized as healthily as possible.
At the time of egg retrieval during the IVF process, it is recommended to collect between 2 and 12 eggs, which are immediately taken for storage and laboratory preparation. In parallel to all the woman’s treatment and monitoring, the semen will also be collected. In the laboratory, the best, most motile sperm will be examined and selected for fertilization.
With the mature eggs already collected and the sperm already selected, the IVF process is performed. The sperm will be injected into the eggs, thereby generating the embryo.
Five days after IVF, the generated embryos will be assessed, and those considered strongest and healthiest will be transferred to the mother’s uterus.
IMPORTANT: At the time of embryo selection, up to 3 are chosen for uterine transfer
After the embryos are transferred in the IVF process, it is necessary for the woman to continue progesterone-based treatment, which will ensure strengthening of the endometrium. With a reinforced endometrium, the chances of the embryo being implanted and continuing to develop healthily are greater.
After the IVF procedure, you should wait on average 10 to 12 days to confirm the success of the procedure. By performing a beta HCG blood test, it will be confirmed whether the pregnancy is progressing.
Are There Chances IVF May Not Work?
As with any medical or assisted reproduction procedure, there is a possibility that it may not work. Obviously, all possible care, tests, and monitoring will be carried out to maximize the chances.
Women in the age range of 30 to 35 and couples considered healthy by fertility tests have a high chance of becoming pregnant on their first IVF attempt.
Remember that there is no limit to the number of IVF attempts. As many as the couple wants and can afford will be done, as long as the specialist agrees.
After the best eggs for fertilization are selected, the ones that are not used are not discarded. They are frozen for future use, even in case it does not work on the first IVF attempt.
For women over 40, the chances are somewhat reduced, due to their ovarian reserve. But with the proper treatment from specialists and careful monitoring, there is a good chance of success.
And When Problems Are Detected with Ovulation or Sperm?
During fertility tests, a problem may be detected in either the woman’s or the man’s exams. In the case of women, if the inability to use their own eggs is found, the use of donated eggs may be indicated, either from anonymous donors, or even from a donor who is a family member or acquaintance.
For men, the process is similar. If it is confirmed that sperm cannot be used for IVF, a sperm bank may be indicated and everything will be done with the utmost discretion and care.
There are many ways to solve the problem and achieve the dream of parenthood. That is, if the couple is open to all possibilities, even using donor material.
Egg and sperm banks are fully specialized and equipped for proper control, storage, and care, to provide the expected material for the couple. Various factors are considered before making a selection.
Egg Bank
It is still very difficult to find egg banks, but some clinics and laboratories already offer this type of egg storage through donation. Usually, candidates donate their eggs to help other families or even to share the costs of their own treatment with another recipient woman who is also undergoing treatment. This process is known as shared donation.
IMPORTANT: The sale of eggs is strictly prohibited and considered a crime.
Egg collection is carried out through a careful sequence of recruitment and care. One must go through a process of ovarian stimulation, and for donation the woman should be up to 35 years old, due to egg quality and lower risk of genetic problems.
The process of using donated eggs is similar to using the woman’s own eggs. Ovarian stimulation is necessary, with ultrasound monitoring and collection at the optimal time to retrieve mature eggs for fertilization.
Sperm Bank
Just as with egg donation, sperm donation also exists. In this case, it is much easier to find, since there are sperm banks in various locations. Normally, when the couple is already seeing a specialist in assisted reproduction and has chosen IVF, they can be referred to a semen bank that is already registered with the clinic.
To become a donor, you must go through rigorous screening and health evaluation. All data and donor information will also be collected, including to be shared as information for couples seeking donation.
When choosing the ideal donor, the donor’s name is completely anonymous. The only information provided is physical, genetic, professional characteristics and hobbies, which help make the selection and choice easier.
Who Can Do IVF?
Any woman or couple considered healthy and fit to undergo IVF can have the procedure. As long as you are in full condition to go through the entire treatment, the ovulation induction, and embryo implantation.
Only an assisted reproduction specialist can request tests and assess both partners and recommend appropriate treatment, as well as supervise and monitor the progress of the method.
If you have questions, talk to your gynecologist who can refer you to a trusted specialist or clinic. Always look for specialists registered with the Federal Medical Council. Photo: DrKontogiannilVF
